A Data Hiding Method Based on Partition Variable Block Size with Exclusive-or Operation on Binary Image

Authors

  • Chyuan-Huei Thomas Yang Hsuan Chuang University, Taiwan
  • Yu-Tzu Wang Hsuan Chuang University, Taiwan
  • Po-An Chen Hsuan Chuang University, Taiwan
  • Shih-Syuan You Hsuan Chuang University, Taiwan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47738/ijiis.v5i1.120

Keywords:

Data hiding, Adaptive, Steganography, XOR, Imperceptible

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a high capacity data hiding method applying in binary images. Since a binary image has only two colors, black or white, it is hard to hide data imperceptible. The capacities and imperception are always in a trade-off problem. Before embedding we shuffle the secret data by a pseudo-random number generator to keep more secure. We divide the host image into several non-overlapping (2n+1) by (2n+1) sub-blocks in an M by N host image as many as possible, where n can equal 1, 2, 3 , …, or min(M,N). Then we partition each sub-block into four overlapping (n+1) by (n+1) sub-blocks. We skip the all blacks or all whites in each (2n+1) by (2n+1) sub-blocks. We consider all four (n+1) by (n+1) sub-blocks to check the XOR between the non overlapping parts and center pixel of the (2n+1) by (2n+1) sub-block, it embed n 2 bits in each (n+1) by (n+1) sub-block, totally are 4*n 2 . The entire host image can be embedded 4×n 2×M/(2n+1)×N/(2n+1) bits. The extraction way is simply to test the XOR between center pixel with their non-overlapping part of each sub-block. All embedding bits are collected and shuffled back to the original order. The adaptive means the partitioning sub-block may affect the capacities and imperception that we want to select. The experimental results show that the method provides the large embedding capacity and keeps imperceptible and reveal the host image lossless.

References

S.K. Bandyopadhyay, D. Bhattacharyya, D. Debnath and P. Das. (2008) “Bi-Color Nonlinear Data Embedding and Extraction of Handwritten Signature” Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2008. ICIEA 2008. 3rd IEEE Conference on. IEEE, 2008.p1896 -1901.

J. Y. Byun, K. H. Jung and K.Y. Yoo. (2008) “Improve Data Hiding Method by Block Parity for Binary Images” Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2008 International Conference on (Volume:3 ). IEEE, 2008.p 931 - 934.

C. C. Chang, Y. H. Huang and W. C. Chang. (2015) “Reversible data hiding for VQ indices using XOR operator and SOC codes” Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), 2015 International Conference on . IEEE, 2015.p 340 - 345.

H. Cao. and A.C. Kot (2012) “EAG: Edge Adaptive Grid Data Hiding for Binary Image Authentication” Signal & Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC), 2012 Asia-Pacific. IEEE, 2012.p1 –6.

B. Feng, W. Lu and W. Sun.(2014) “Reversible Data Hiding Method Based on Exclusive-OR with Two Host Images” Trustworthy Systems and their Applications (TSA), International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.p 69 – 74.

J.M. Guo, G.H. Lai,K.S. Wong and L.C. Chang(2015) “Progressive Halftone Watermarking Using Multilayer Table Lookup Strategy” Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:24 , Issue: 7 ) .IEEE, 2015.p 1057-7149.

M. Guo and H. Zhang. (2010) “High Capacity Data Hiding for Binary Image Authentication” Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2010 20th International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.p 1441 - 1444.

Q. Hou, D. Junping, Li Li, J. Lu And C.C. Chang.(2014) “Scanned binary image watermarking based on additive model and sampling” Springer Science+Business Media New York ,2014 Multimedia Tools and Applications, Multimedia Tools and Applications,2014. Volume 74, Issue 21 , pp 9407-9426.

P. T. Huy1 and C. Kim. (2013) “Binary Image Data Hiding Using Matrix Encoding Technique in Sensors” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Volume 2013, Article ID 340963, 7 pages.

K.H. Jung, K.S. Ha and K.Y. Yoo. (2008) “Data Hiding in Binary Images by Pixel-valueWeighting” International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology 2008, 2011 Seventh International Conference on. IEEE, 2008.p 262 - 265.

S. Khan and A. Bhattacharya. (2015) “Secure Data Pixels for Binary Host Images Using Edge-Adaptive Grid Technique” Communication Technologies (GCCT), 2015 Global Conference on . IEEE, 2015.p 691 - 695.

K. T. Lin. (2011) “Data Encrypting In A Binary Image Base On Modified Data Hiding Method” Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP), 2011 Seventh International Conference on. IEEE, 2011.p 69 - 72.

C.C. Lo ,C.M. Lee, B.Y. Liao and J.S. Pan (2008) “Halftone Image Data Hiding with Reference to Original Multitone Image” Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 2008. IIHMSP '08 International Conference on. IEEE, 2008.p265 - 268.

R. Naskar and R. S. Chakraborty. (2011) “Lossless Data Hiding for Halftone Images” Image Information Processing (ICIIP), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011.p 1 - 6.

H. Tirandaz, R. Davarzani and, M. Monemizadeh and J. Haddadnia. (2009) “Invisible and High Capacity Data Hiding in Binary Text Images Based on Use of Edge Pixels” 2009 International Conference on Signal Processing Systems. IEEE, 2009.p 130 - 134.

C.C. Wang, Y.F. Chang, C.C. Chang, J.K. Jan and C.C. Lin, (2014) “A high capacity data hiding scheme for binary images based on block patterns” The Journal of Systems and Software 93. ScienceDirect, 2014.p152 –162.

X.Y. Yu and A. Wang. (2009) “Chain Coding Based Data Hiding in Binary Images” Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 2009. IIH-MSP '09. Fifth International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.p 933 - 936.

C.-H.T. Yang , Y. T. Hsu , C.C. Wu And J.W. Chang.(2014) “Reversible Data Hiding Method Based on Exclusive-OR with Two Host Images” Trustworthy Systems and their Applications (TSA), International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.p 69 – 74.

H.B. Zhang and L. Man (2008) “Data hiding in binary line drawing images” Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, 2008. ICWAPR '08. International Conference on (Volume:1 ). IEEE, 2008.p 134 - 140.

Downloads

Published

2022-01-24

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 1: January 2022

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with IJIIS : International Journal on Informatics and Information Systems agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the IJIIS : International Journal on Informatics and Information Systems right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in IJIIS : International Journal on Informatics and Information Systems. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in IJIIS : International Journal on Informatics and Information Systems. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).